As we have promised you in various articles, we will try to simplify the concept and deliver practical content without entering into the complexity of theories, although we will address the depth of the CNC later.
Let us start… CNC router used for cutting wood and light materials CNC is an acronym for Computer Numerically Controlled Machine (a machine that is digitally controlled using a computer). As the name suggests, its movements are made by computer commands rather than manual control.
Let us now return to the origin of the need for CNC You’ve probably seen artisans using a chainsaw and chisel and carving by hand on wood. Or, if you’re interested in craftsmanship, you’ve probably seen metalworkers use manual lathes and milling to make a mechanical part to the required measurements. In these cases, these craftsmen manually move the cutting tools to produce the desired. This may require many hours of work and limited output accuracy. In addition, it requires great experience before reaching advanced stages.
In the case of CNC, we write motion commands for the machine to be executed line by line. This chain of command is called the G-Code. The movement of the table (on which the workpiece is attached), the movement of the cutting tool, the speed of rotation of the cutting tool and secondary commands such as changing the cutting tool and turning on and off cooling, suction and clamping will all be present in this program. The program will give commands sequentially to all motors, controllers and machine accessories to carry out the operations requested by the designer. Typing commands makes it easy to perform complex operations with the machine. For example, you can create very complex 3D models using a pre-made program.
Why CNC? CNC centrifuges are used to productively turn metal mechanical parts CNC centrifuges are used to productively turn metal mechanical parts The same wrought piece can be mass-produced, with the same precision, and identically if the program is written once.
High speed, high precision and high efficiency. Reduce working time and maintain cutting tool life. Increase productivity Easily produce complex shaped crafts.
The close relationship between CNC and CAD/CAM Since the beginning of the CNC era in the forties of the last century, we have been controlling the CNC using written kinetic commands, as in the following example:
G0 X0 Y0 Z15: Go very quickly to coordinates 0, 0, 15
G0 X5 Y0 Z15: Move very fast on the x-axis 5 mm
T10 M6: Install cutting tool No. 10
S5000 M3 : Run the cutting motor at 5000 rpm
G1 X10 Y5 Z0 F500 : Move at 500 mm/min to reach coordinates 10.5,0.
The example I saw is a G-Code program, and as I noticed, the way to give commands programmatically may be practical if you want to direct the machine to cut a square or circular shape or any simple geometric shape, but this will not be easy in the cases of implementing triangular shapes Dimensional or complex geometry.
As a result of the need to solve this problem, programs have appeared that help to write orders based on graphical data. These programs were called CAM programs (short for Computer Aided Manufacturing), which is a broad and independent science, and there are many programs that provide this service separately or in combination with CAD/CAM drawing software.
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